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Dry eyes or more precisely dry eyes syndrome is a state which is characterized by decreased production of tears or by the fact that tears are not of sufficient quality. Tears make the eye surface smooth and it accounts for sharp vision, guarantees the supply of oxygen for the cornea, moistens the surface of the cornea and conjunctiva. Tears contain lysosym which has disinfectant effects.
Tears form so called tear film on the eye surface which has three layers. Directly on the cornea or conjunctiva there is mucous layer produced by conjunctival goblet cells, second layer is aqueous layer produced by lacrimal glands and both of these layers are covered by lipid layer which is produced by meibomian glands situated on the edge of the eyelids.
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Many people who need to correct vision problems choose to wear contact lenses instead of eyeglasses, either for cosmetic reasons or comfort issues. Many types or forms of contact lenses come with their own set of problems, however, and one of these problems can be an unpleasant dryness over time. While there is no use specific type of contacts for dry eyes, recent improvements in the materials used to create contact lenses have made them more comfortable for those with dry eye conditions.
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Set of causes of dry eye syndrome is complex, eye disease affects not only the ocular surface, but is often accompanied by systemic disease. An important role of psychosomatic aspects (emotional lability of patients), some environmental factors (e.g. ozone, cigarette smoke), wearing contact lenses.
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Problem of dry eyes is when the eye does not produce tears correctly and in sufficient quantities, or when the tears do not have the correct consistency and evaporate very quickly. This is a problem with the tear film that keeps the eye moist. This problem manifests itself as a result of different conditions.
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There can be many causes of the origination of dry eyes syndrome. It is decreased productivity of the glands or their extinction as the result of diseases (for example autoimmune diseases). The quality of the tear film is influenced also by hormonal changes or the use of certain medications (for example some antialergics). This disease occurs rather often in women after their menopause.
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